Showing posts with label utilities. Show all posts
Showing posts with label utilities. Show all posts

Introducing the OME Test Tool

Saturday, January 12, 2019
tldr; Send an email to OMETest@expta.com and the service will respond with an email encrypted by Office 365 Message Encryption. If your test email includes an attachment, that attachment will be included in the OME encrypted response as an encrypted attachment. Use this service to test how encrypted emails are handled by your email clients and mobile devices.
The well-intentioned folks over at Microsoft are doing it again, but you know what they say about the road to hell...

In late December message ID MC170958 showed up in the Office 365 Message Center entitled, "New Office 365 Message Encryption policy for sensitive information." This feature is intended to keep user emails that contain sensitive information safe by automatically encrypting them. This will be done by creating a new Exchange mail flow rule in your tenant to use Online Message Encryption (OME), which was recently renamed to Office 365 Message Encryption.

Message Center ID MC170958
The Message Center notice included a link to https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/securitycompliance/new-ome-encryption-policy, but that link no longer works for most users. Perhaps Microsoft is rethinking this, but it still shows in the Message Center for some customers.

While the idea of keeping users from doing something stupid is a noble one, to me this reeks of Skynet. I really don't like the idea of anyone or anything inserting logic and a new business process into my emails and mail flow. What if my emails to customers start being encrypted because my item numbers resemble a bank account number? What if I have a complex transport configuration?

It's easy enough to opt-out of this change by running Set-IRMConfiguration -AutomaticServiceUpdateEnabled $false, but shouldn't I really have to opt-in instead of opt-out?

January 25 UPDATE: Microsoft has indeed rethought this a bit. They will still be creating the OME transport rule, but it will not be enabled by default:

Updated Message Center Notification

I'm sure automation like this might help small customers who don't have the time or skills to properly manage and secure their infrastructure, but for enterprise customers this could be a real disaster. OME encrypted emails require the recipient to authenticate with a Microsoft account to read them. Despite what Microsoft thinks, not everyone has (or wants) an account with them or uses Microsoft Office. This causes a barrier that a lot of email recipients will find difficult. It should be noted that one-time passwords are also supported. Read Microsoft Plans to Launch Automatic Email Encryption for Office 365 Tenants for Tony Redmond's take on this.

I created an OME test service in Office 365 that you can use to test the end-user experience of receiving an OME encrypted email. Simply send an email to ometest@expta.com. In a short while the service will automatically respond with an encrypted message. If you include an attachment with your email, that attachment will also be returned in the OME message as an encrypted attachment.

Note: The OME test service will not respond to messages that contain ": " in the subject. This prevents mail loops caused by rules that automatically reply or forward messages.

You should test access to this encrypted email from Outlook or any desktop email app, your mobile device, and your web browser to see how each client handles OME encrypted emails. You may be required to create a free Microsoft ID to view it.

You'll notice that you cannot preview OME encrypted emails in the Outlook preview pane. They must be opened to view them.

OME encrypted emails cannot be viewed in the preview pane
Outlook will attempt to download a rights management service user license to make the reading experience fairly straightforward, assuming you're signed into Office 365. Other email clients will be more cumbersome and recipients without a Microsoft account will need to sign up for one to read the email. Honestly, I can't imagine my parents having to deal with this from their mobile phones.

This is what an OME protected email looks like on an iPhone

I use the native Apple mail client, not the Outlook app. If you're like me, you have more than one email account on your mobile device. When you click "Read the message" you'll need to authenticate with the same email address it was sent to - something that may not be readily apparent from an "All Inboxes" view, like on the iPhone. If you use the wrong account you get an unhelpful "The item was not found" error.

Once you successfully sign-in to Office 365 you can view, reply, or forward the email via OWA. If you use the Outlook app for iOS or Android, your experience will be better.

This is the OME encrypted email
I hope you find that the OME tester utility is useful. Please let me know if you have any issues.

Reference:


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DO NOT Install .NET Framework 4.7 on Exchange Servers

Thursday, May 18, 2017
Update 06/15/2017 - The Exchange Team updated their article to say that they are in the process of validating Exchange Server on the .NET Framework 4.7, but the work is not yet complete. They will update the Exchange supportability matrix when .NET Framework 4.7 is supported with certain versions of Exchange Server.
Update 06/13/2017 - The .NET Team published the article, How to temporarily block installation of the .NET Framework 4.7 using a registry key, similar to the one used to block previous versions of .NET. Exchange admins should implement this ASAP.

The Exchange Team also released the article, .NET Framework 4.7 and Exchange Server. It explains that .NET Framework 4.7 is not supported by any version of Exchange Server at this time, and how to remove it if you've already installed it.

Earlier this month the .NET Blog announced that the .NET Framework 4.7 has reached general availability. Do not install this update on your Exchange servers.

Refer to the Exchange Server Supportability Matrix which provides a central source for Microsoft Exchange administrators to easily locate information about the level of support available for any configuration or required component for supported versions of Microsoft Exchange. At this time no versions of Exchange Server support .NET 4.7, although this is subject to change with future cumulative updates. Exchange Server runs on .NET assemblies and changing to an unsupported version may have dire consequences.


According to the Q&A on the blog, .NET 4.7 is expected to be published to Windows Update in less than 3 months. That means without manual intervention you may wake up to find that Exchange is broken. When I asked, the .NET team said that they will provide a way to block .NET 4.7 installation via Windows Update using a registry key.


At this time, the registry key has not been made available. Check back on this blog post for any updates.

If you manually installed .NET 4.7, please refer to my earlier article, "How to Uninstall .NET Framework 4.6.1" for removal instructions. Those same instructions should work.

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How to Uninstall .NET Framework 4.6.1

Thursday, February 11, 2016

UPDATE: Exchange Server 2013 CU13 and Exchange Server 2016 CU2 now support .NET Framework 4.6.1. Exchange 2007 and 2010 still do not. Please see my article, Exchange 2016 CU2 and Exchange 2013 CU13 now supports .NET Framework 4.6.1, for the steps required to install and support this.

You've probably heard by now NOT to install the Microsoft .NET Framework 4.6.1 on any of your Exchange servers because it's not supported. Later, the Skype for Business Team followed suit in their own article. The Exchange team even posted a handy article about it with a link to a TechNet page that explains how to temporarily block .NET Framework 4.6.1 from installing via Windows Update. That article was posted February 10, 2016 - the day after Microsoft pushed .NET Framework 4.6.1 as an important update to all computers.


My lab computers are all configured to install updates automatically, so two of my four Exchange servers had already installed the update before I realized what was happening. Good times.

So now I was faced with uninstalling the NET Framework 4.6.1 which, as it turns out, is not exactly a trivial thing. I'm documenting the process here for others who find themselves in the same predicament.

Begin by following the article, How to temporarily block the installation of the .NET Framework 4.6.1. Or if you've got several computers that you need to uninstall it from, use the REG file I created that does it for you. Simply download the BlockNetFramework461.reg file on the computer you need to fix and double-click it to configure the Registry. This will prevent the .NET Framework 4.6.1 from reinstalling once we have it removed.

Before we uninstall .NET 4.6.1, download the .NET Framework Setup Verification Utility from Microsoft employee Aaron Stebner's WebLog. We'll use this tool to confirm that .NET 4.6.1 is installed and again to confirm it's removed when we're done. Run the tool and use the drop down box to confirm that .NET Framework 4.6.1 is listed. The tool shows all the versions of .NET that are installed. Close the verification utility.



Now a word of warning: When you uninstall .NET Framework (which also removes .NET Framework 4.6, by the way), Exchange will need to recompile all of its .NET assemblies. This can take a LONG time and overload your computer's CPU. To overcome this, download the .NET Framework optimization speed up script from the .NET Blog. This script improves the performance of the mscorswv.exe process by allowing it to use multiple threads and up to 6 cores. Save the 7318.DrainNGenQueue.wsf script to the computer's desktop. We'll run it after .NET 4.6.1 is uninstalled.

Finally, you can uninstall .NET Framework 4.6.1 by going to Control Panel > Programs > Programs and Features > View Installed Updates. Search for or scroll down the list of Microsoft Windows updates to find Update for Microsoft Windows (KB3102467) and click Uninstall.


Click Yes to uninstall .NET Framework 4.6.1. After a minute or so you will be prompted to restart the computer. Click Restart Now.


Once you can log back into the computer (it will take longer than normal to get to the login screen), run the 7318.DrainNGenQueue.wsf script you saved to the desktop. The output isn't very pretty, but who cares? It will probably save you about 20 minutes while the .NET assemblies recompile.


Once the script finishes, run the .NET Framework Setup Verification Utility again to confirm that .NET Framework 4.6.1 has been removed successfully. The drop down list should now only show versions up to .NET Framework 4.5.2. This is the latest version supported by Exchange Server 2013 and 2016.



Click Verify Now to confirm that .NET Framework 4.5.2 is still configured correctly.


Congratulations! You've finally uninstalled the .NET Framework 4.6.1. You may want restart the computer again after you've uninstalled it to ensure that all services start correctly.


UPDATE #1:

A question was raised whether uninstalling .NET Framework 4.6.1 is supported by Microsoft.

Well, we know that it's not supported to install .NET Framework 4.6.1 on an Exchange or Skype for Business server, and it definitely breaks stuff. We know that uninstalling it returns it to its previous "supported" unbroken state and I don't have any errors.

Is this supported? I doubt it, but heck of a lot easier than rebuilding. Remember that "supported" = "tested" in the Microsoft world.

If you need to ensure that your Exchange and Skype for Business servers are in a "supported" state, you will have to rebuild them. Chalk it up to a lesson in never trusting automation.


UPDATE #2:

I spoke with the Exchange product team today and they recommend reinstalling the .NET Framework 4.5.2 again (run Repair) after uninstalling .NET 4.6.1 and restarting the computer.


This may cause Exchange to recompile the .NET assemblies again. Remember to run the 7318.DrainNGenQueue.wsf script to reduce the time it takes to recompile. If the script shows that everything is up-to-date, then you're done.


If Exchange does need to recompile you should reboot again after the script completes.

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New Remote Desktop Connection Manager 2.7 Released

Wednesday, November 19, 2014


Note: Microsoft has discontinued Remote Desktop Manager (RDCMan 2.7) in March 2020 due to a security vulnerability. Customers are encouraged to use the MSTSC client built-in to Windows instead.
Microsoft released a new version of Remote Desktop Connection Manager (RDCMan) 2.7 to the public today.

RDCMan is a central place where you can organize, group, and manage your various Remote Desktop connections. This is particularly useful for system administrators, developers, testers, and lab managers who maintain groups of computers and connect to them frequently. I probably spend more time in RDC Manager than any other application during the day.

The previous version 2.2 was last released in May 2010, so this is a very welcome update. Previous versions lacked some functions and caused excessive CPU utilization on some computers, especially those with Nvidia GPUs. RDCMan was written by Julian Burger, one of the principal developers on the Windows Live Experiences team.

RDCMan 2.7 version is a major feature release. New features include:

  • Virtual machine connect-to-console support.
  • Smart groups.
  • Support for credential encryption with certificates.
  • Windows 8 remote action support (charms, app commands, switch tasks, etc).
  • Support for Windows 8, Windows 8.1 / Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2012 R2.
  • Log Off Server now works properly on all versions.
Important Upgrade Notes: You should know that when you upgrade, RDCMan will be unable to read any saved encrypted passwords. You will need to re-enter your saved encrypted passwords after installation.
The workaround is to set the "Store password as clear text" checkbox in RDCMan 2.2 for preexisting groups and/or servers. When you upgrade to version 2.7, RDCMan will read the existing passwords and will encrypt them. "Store passwords as plain text" is no longer an option in version 2.7.


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Great New Free Utilities from Microsoft

Tuesday, March 13, 2012
Microsoft has released a number of great new utilities designed to make administration easier, especially in the Exchange space.  Most of these have been released in just the past three weeks.

  • Exchange Client Network Bandwidth Calculator BETA2 (link)
Helps reduce the risks involved in Exchange Server network bandwidth planning.  The Exchange Client Network Bandwidth Calculator has been designed to help anyone planning an Exchange Server deployment to predict the network bandwidth requirements for a specific set of clients.  The prediction algorithms used within this calculator are entirely new and have been derived after significant testing and observation.

  • Log Parser Studio (link)
Log Parser Studio is a utility that allows you to search through and create reports from your IIS, Event, EXADB and others types of logs. It builds on top of Log Parser 2.2 and has a full user interface for easy creation and management of related SQL queries.

Anyone who regularly uses Log Parser 2.2 knows just how useful and powerful it can be for obtaining valuable information from IIS (Internet Information Server) and other logs. In addition, adding the power of SQL allows explicit searching of gigabytes of logs returning only the data that is needed while filtering out the noise. The only thing missing is a great graphical user interface (GUI) to function as a front-end to Log Parser and a ‘Query Library’ in order to manage all those great queries and scripts that one builds up over time.

Log Parser Studio was created to fulfill this need; by allowing those who use Log Parser 2.2 (and even those who don’t due to lack of an interface) to work faster and more efficiently to get to the data they need with less “fiddling” with scripts and folders full of queries.
  • Outlook Configuration Analyzer Tool (OCAT) (link)
The Outlook Configuration Analyzer Tool provides a detailed report of your current Outlook profile. This report includes many parameters about your profile, and it highlights any known problems that are found in your profile. For any problems that are listed in the report, you are provided a link to a Microsoft Knowledge Base (KB) article that describes a possible fix for the problem. If you are a Help Desk professional, you can also export the report to a file. Then, the report can be viewed in the Outlook Configuration Analyzer Tool on another client computer where the tool is installed.

  • CalCheck - The Outlook Calendar Checking Tool (link)
 The Calendar Checking Tool for Outlook is a command-line program that checks Outlook Calendars for problems. To use this tool, the Outlook calendar must reside on a Microsoft Exchange Server. The tool does not work with IMAP, with POP3, or with other non-Exchange mail servers.

The tool opens an Outlook profile, opens the Outlook Calendar, and then checks several things such as permissions, free/busy publishing, and auto booking. Then, the tool checks each item in the calendar folder for problems that can cause items to seem to be missing or that might otherwise cause problems in the Calendar.

And last, but not least...





  • Microsoft Script Explorer for Windows PowerShell Beta 1 (link)
Helps scripters find Windows PowerShell scripts, snippets, modules, and how-to guidance in online repositories such as the TechNet Script Center Repository, PoshCode, local or network file systems and Bing Search Repository.
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Tabbed Conversations for Microsoft Lync 2010

Friday, June 3, 2011
Microsoft released Tabbed Conversations for Microsoft Lync 2010 today. Tabbed Conversations is an application that provides a tabbed Lync 2010 conversation window to allow multiple instant messaging (IM) conversations in a single window, as shown below.


This is a separate application from Lync 2010 and must be launched after the Lync 2010 client is launched.  If you close Lync, you'll need to launch it again.  See the Tabbed Conversations for Microsoft Lync 2010 Getting Started Guide for more details.

Once you start the application and you start an new IM for the first time, Lync briefly opens a normal IM window and then replaces it with the Tabbed Conversations window (above).  It then works exactly as the normal IM conversation window, with a few additions.

You can start a new tabbed conversation by clicking the "+" button at the end of the row.  This will pop-up the Send Instant Message window for you to choose a new contact.  You can also detach a conversation from the tabbed interface by clicking the up arrow icon in the tab.  This will open the conversation in the standard Lync IM window.  You can bring it back into the tabbed application by re-adding that contact as a new tab.

As expected, you can only do one screen share per tabbed IM conversation at a time, but you can have multiple contacts in that conversation.

It would be nice if the integration was a little smoother.  I don't like having to open the application after I launch Lync, and the way it briefly shows the normal Lync IM window before it kicks in is a little annoying.  But overall I like the way that it decreases the surface area of Lync, especially on smaller screens.
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Lync Tools: Stress and Performance Tool and Capacity Calculator

Friday, March 4, 2011
Microsoft released two new Lync Server 2010 tools to help you in your deployments.

The Microsoft Lync Server 2010 Capacity Calculator is a spreadsheet for calculating a user’s hardware requirements based on information that the admin supplies about number of users, types of communication, and expected traffic.  It includes a Microsoft Word document explaining the tool and how to use it.



The Lync Server 2010 Stress and Performance Tool (LSS) can be used to prepare, define and validate performance targets of user scenarios offered by on-premise Lync Server 2010 deployment. LSS includes multiple modules and can simulate simultaneous users on one or more Lync Servers.


Both of these tools will be instrumental in any successful Lync deployment.

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Introducing LyncAddContacts!

Wednesday, January 5, 2011
The Office Communications Server 2007 Resource Kit Tools featured a nifty tool called LCSAddContacts.  This WSF script allows you to add contacts to LCS or OCS (but not Lync Server) using WMI.  I was hoping to see a version of this tool for Lync Server, but no such luck -- So I wrote one myself.

I'm surprised to find that there is no PowerShell cmdlet that allows you to add contact groups or contacts, and since there are no WMI classes for Lync Server anymore, I needed a way to do this -- so I wrote a tool myself.  I leverage the DBIMPEXP utility from the Lync Server DVD to import and export contacts. 

The purpose of LyncAddContacts is to add the same contact groups and contacts to multiple users programmatically.  For example, you may want to import a contact group called "Company Contacts"  that contains contacts for everyone in the company.  Here's how it works:
  1. Create a template (source) user in Lync with the contact groups and contacts that you want to export.
  2. Run the LyncAddContacts tool to export the source user's contacts
  3. Run the LyncAddContacts tool again in import mode and target the user or OU that you want to import the contacts to.
Prerequisites:
  • The tool must be run on the Lync server from which you will export/import the data.
  • You must be a member of the CSAdministrator security group to run this tool.  This group has rights to export and import contact groups and contacts to all users.
  • You must copy the DBIMPEXP.EXE tool from the \Support folder on the Lync Server 2010 installation media to the same folder where the LyncAddContacts tool will be run.
  • You must have read, write and execute rights to the folder where the LyncAddContacts tool will be run.
Note: This tool must be run under the CScript host due to the amount of output generated.  You will see a syntax pop-up window if the tool runs under WScript.

Usage:

LyncAddContacts uses the following syntax:
CScript LyncAddContacts.vbs /backup filename.xml [FE SQL server host name[\Instance]]
CScript LyncAddContacts.vbs SIPAddress [FE SQL server host name[\Instance]]
CScript LyncAddContacts.vbs /import SIPAddress | distinguished name of OU [FE SQL server host name[\Instance]]
The following examples demonstrate how to use the tool.


Use the /backup switch to backup all user data to the specified filename.  The following example backs up user data on a Lync Standard Edition server:
CScript LyncAddContacts.vbs /backup backup.xml
where backup.xml is the backup filename.

The following example performs the same backup on a Lync Enterprise Edition server:
CScript LyncAddContacts.vbs /backup backup.xml sql.domain.com
where backup.xml is the backup filename and sql.domain.com is the SQL server used by the front-end pool.
Once the backup has been performed, you can begin the export/import process.


First, you must export the source user's contact groups and contacts.  The following example exports this information from a user named "Source" on a Lync Standard Edition server:
CScript LyncAddContacts.vbs source@domain.com
where source@domain.com is the SIP address of the user you want to export.

The following example performs the same export on a Lync Enterprise Edition server:
CScript LyncAddContacts.vbs source@domain.com sql.domain.com
where source@domain.com is the SIP address of the user you want to export and sql.domain.com is the SQL server used by the front-end pool.


Second, you import the contact groups and contacts to either a single target user or a target Organizational Unit in your domain.  The following example imports the data to a user named "Target" on a Lync Standard Edition server:
CScript LyncAddContacts.vbs /import target@domain.com
where target@domain.com is the SIP address of the user you want to import the contact info to.  For Lync Server Enterprise Edition you must add the SQL server used by the front-end pool, as shown above.

The following example imports the same contact groups and contacts to all the SIP enabled users in the Users container in Active Directory:
CScript LyncAddContacts.vbs /import CN=Users,DC=domain,DC=com
Again, for Lync Server Enterprise Edition you must add the SQL server used by the front-end pool. 
In this example, were also specifying the SQL instance LyncServer:
CScript LyncAddContacts.vbs /import "OU=Lync Users,DC=domain,DC=com" sql.domain.com\LyncServer
A nice benefit of this tool is that contacts will not get a notification that so-and-so has added them to their contact list.  This is really useful in preventing unnecessary pop-ups from the Lync client.


Download LyncAddContacts.  View the source code here.


Disclaimer: I hope that the information in this blog is valuable to you. Your use of the information contained in these pages, however, is at your sole risk. All information on these pages is provided "as -is", without any warranty, whether express or implied, of its accuracy, completeness, fitness for a particular purpose, title or non-infringement, and none of the third-party products or information mentioned in the work are authored, recommended, supported or guaranteed by The EXPTA {blog}. Further, EXPTA shall not be liable for any damages you may sustain by using this information, whether direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
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Download the Image Resizer Powertoy Clone for Windows 7 / Server 2008 R2

Saturday, February 27, 2010
One thing lacking in Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 is a native picture resizing tool.  I find this surprising since Windows 7 is chock full of image and video eye-candy.

Thankfully, there's an easy to install image resizer for all versions of Windows available on Codeplex.com.  The tool is available in both 32-bit and 64-bit versions.  Image Resizer 2.1 allows you to resize any image by simply right-clicking the image(s) and selecting Resize from the context menu, as shown.


Then you can choose the size and options for the pictures, as shown.


You can perform bulk resizing by selecting more than one photo and resize them.  Can't get much easier than that!
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How To Enable Change Notification On All Site Links

Wednesday, March 18, 2009

Normally, there are two replication intervals for Active Directory in a Windows domain: Intra-site (replication between DCs in the same site) and Inter-site (replication between DCs in different Active Directory sites).
Intra-site replication is very fast - typically around 15 seconds. This schedule can be configured via the registry using the following values in the HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Service\NTDS\Parameters key:

Replicator notify pause after modify (secs)It is a REG_DWORD value of 15 by default
Replicator notify pause between DSAs (secs)It is a REG_DWORD value of 3 by default
See Microsoft TechNet (Active Directory Replication Tools and Settings) for a thorough explanation of what these keys do.Inter-site replication is dictated by the schedule associated with the replication connection in Active Directory Sites and Services. Using this GUI you can specify that the connector never replicates or to replicate once, twice or four times per hour.
Note: The inter-site replication schedule runs based on the server startup time. For example, if the DC starts up at 12:10pm and the replication connector's schedule is set to twice per hour, replication on this connector will occur at 12:10pm, 12:40pm, etc.
But what if you want Intersite replication to occur more frequently than every 15 minutes? For this, you must enable Change Notification on the Active Directory site link. How you do this depends on which OS is on your DC.

For Windows 2003 Domain Controllers:
  • Open ADSIEdit.msc (in the Windows Support Tools) as a Domain Admin
  • Open the Configuration naming context
  • Navigate to Sites > Inter-Site Transports > IP
  • Right-click the siteLink to modify in the results pane and click Properties
  • Locate the options attribute and edit the value from 0 to 1
  • Click OK and repeat for other siteLinks, as necessary.

For Windows 2008 and Windows 2008 R2 Domain Controllers:
You can use the same method as Windows Server 2003 DCs or you can edit the values directly from AD Sites and Services, as follows.
  • Locate the Inter-Site Transport site link to modify, typically DEFAULTIPSITELINK, in AD Sites and Services
  • Right-click the site link and choose Properties
  • Click the Attribute Editor tab
  • Locate the options attribute and edit the value from 0 to 1
  • Click OK and repeat for other Site Links, as necessary.
I also wrote two VBScripts for displaying and configuring Change Notification:
  • DisplayChangeNotification.vbs displays the current value of the options attribute on each site link in the Active Directory domain where it is run.
  • EnableChangeNotification.vbs will enable Change Notification on all site links in the Active Directory domain where it is run by changing the options value to 1.
Both scripts are in the ChangeNotificationScripts.zip file, located here.
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Changing the Default Users and Computers Containers in AD

Thursday, March 5, 2009
In Active Directory, the default container for user objects is the Users container and the default container for computer objects is the Computers container.

If you create user or computer objects programmatically and do not specify a target OU, the objects will be created in their default container. Also, whenever you join a new computer to the domain the computer object will always be created in the default Computers container, unless you pre-stage the computer object in an OU.

It's important to note that the Computers and Users containers are just that, containers. They are not OUs. Consequently, you cannot apply Group Policy objects directly to these containers. These containers will, however, inherit GPOs from parent objects, such as the Default Domain Policy.

A lot of my customers have large OU structures where user and computer objects are always placed in specific OUs so that the objects get the correct GPOs. Typically, the default Users and Computers containers are empty for these customers. Even so, user or computer objects will sometimes be created in the default containers for various reasons. This can cause problems for these objects because GPOs are not applied correctly.

Here's how to change the default container that Active Directory will use for new user and computer objects:

  • Log into a Domain Controller (Windows Server 2003, 2008 or 2008 R2) as a Domain Admin
  • Open a CMD prompt
  • To change the default container for user objects, enter:

ReDirUsr Container-DN

where Container-DN is the distinguished name of the container that will become the default location for newly created user objects.

For example:

ReDirUsr "OU=Managed Users,DC=mydomain,DC=com"

  • To change the default container for computer objects, enter:

ReDirCmp Container-DN

where Container-DN is the distinguished name of the container that will become the default location for newly created computer objects.

For example:

ReDirCmp "OU=Managed Computers,DC=mydomain,DC=com"

Please note that the domain functional level must be at least Windows Server 2003 for these commands to work.

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How to Configure the Default OS to the Current OS on Multi-boot Systems

Sunday, February 15, 2009

Here's a handy tip to automatically configure the default OS if you have a computer with a dual or multi-boot operating system.
Normally, when you configure a system with two or more operating systems, you select the default OS within Windows using Advanced System Settings > Startup and Recovery > System Startup. Whenever the computer is restarted it will boot to this OS automatically when the timer runs out.

If you're like me, you tend to work with one OS for a while and through several restarts. If the default OS is Windows 7, but I'm working with the Windows Server 2008 R2 OS, the computer will always default to Windows 7 on a reboot unless I manually select Windows Server 2008 R2. This is annoying since reboots are the time I usually use to get a cold drink or go to the bathroom.

Here's how to configure the computer to change the default OS to the current OS:
  • Create a new batch file called DefaultOS.bat using Notepad

  • Add the following line:
bcdedit /default {current}
  • Save the file to the Windows directory on each operating system drive

Now do the following in each Windows OS:

  • Run gpedit.msc to edit the Local Computer Policy

  • Expand Computer Configuration > Windows Settings > Scripts (Startup/Shutdown)

  • Double-click Startup in the details pane

  • Click Add to add a new script

  • Browse to %WINDIR%\DefaultOS.bat and click OK

  • Click OK to close Startup Properties

  • Repeat these steps for each Windows operating system

Now Windows will configure the default OS to the current OS whenever the computer starts up. You can also apply this Startup script to all computers in the domain using Group Policy. It will not affect single boot systems.



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Windows 7 Problem Steps Recorder

Friday, February 13, 2009
Here's a 4-1/2 minute video by Keith Combs showing a great new feature in Windows 7, the Problem Steps Recorder, or PSR.

PSR allows end users to record the actions they took to produce a problem.

The user enters PSR in the start menu, clicks Record, and then performs the steps to produce the problem. When the user clicks Stop Record, they can optionally enter comments and save the recording to a single ZIP file. Then they email it to the support staff.

The ZIP file contains an MHT file with screen shots and written actions that documents everything the user typed or clicked during the recording session.

This will be very useful for help desk and support staff in corporate environments, not to mention all those calls I get from my parents.
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How to Determine if a PST is ANSI or Unicode

Friday, August 22, 2008

PSTs created in Outlook 2002 and earlier versions are saved in ANSI format, which has a 2.1GB limit. Outlook 2003 and later offer both ANSI and Unicode formats for PST creation. Unicode PSTs have a theoretical 36TB limit which makes them a better choice, providing that backward compatibility is not an issue.

So how can you tell if a PST is in ANSI or Unicode format?

One way is to download a free utility called ListPSTs from http://www.maclean.com. You run this utility from the command line against the file or folder that contains the PST(s). The output displays the format of the PST files, as shown above.

Another way to tell without having to use a separate utility is by viewing the properties of the PST from within Outlook, itself. When you add the PST to Outlook, pay attention to the Format field of the PST, as shown below:

Unicode formatted PSTs will display the format, "Personal Folders File". ANSI formatted PSTs will display the format, "Personal Folders File (Outlook 97-2002)".

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Your Troubleshooting PAL

Wednesday, July 23, 2008

How many times have you been faced with a performance issue with a computer and you don't really know where to start? Sure, you can fire up Performance Monitor (perfmon) and start collecting data for analysis, but which counters do you collect and how do you identify a bottleneck?

Perfmon can gather tons of information and pouring over all that data for analysis can be a daunting task. Enter Performance Analysis of Logs (PAL), a new and powerful tool that reads in a performance monitor counter log in any known format and analyzes it using complex, but known thresholds. The tool produces an HTML report which reports important performance counters and displays alerts when thresholds are exceeded.

PAL is a free open source application developed by Microsoft and is hosted on CodePlex, Microsoft's open source project hosting web site. It requires two other free pieces of software on the computer where PAL will run:

Log Parser 2.2
Log parser is a powerful, versatile tool that provides universal query access to text-based data such as log files, XML files and CSV files, as well as key data sources on the Windows operating system such as the Event Log, the Registry, the file system, and Active Directory. PAL uses the Log Parser tool to query perform logs and to create charts and graphs for the PAL report.

Microsoft Office Web Components 2003
Log Parser requires the Office Web Components 2003 in order to create charts.

Note: Because there is no 64-bit version of the Microsoft Office Web Components, PAL only runs on x86 platform computers.

To use PAL, you begin by collecting performance data from the target machine using perfmon. Typically, I collect the Memory, Network Interface, Physical Disk, Processor and System counters to begin with. Once you've collected some data run PAL and walk through the wizard. Be sure to answer the Question Variable Names at the bottom of the Threshold File page. The variables are Number of Processors, use of the /3GB switch, is the target a 64-bit computer, total RAM and whether it has a kernel dump configured. Step through the rest of the wizard and PAL will create a batch file, run it and display the output as a graphical report in your web browser. Very cool!!!

You can view a LiveMeeting streaming video training of PAL here.

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New PowerShell Scriptomatic

Friday, June 6, 2008

For those of you who are familiar with the the WMI Scriptomatic tool (and those of you who aren't), check out this awesome new version for Windows PowerShell -- The PowerShell Scriptomatic!

This tool will have you writing PowerShell scripts like a pro with absolutely NO experience. Imagine the fun you'll have deleting all the user accounts in the domain without having to write a single line of code yourself! Well, errr, maybe that was a bad example.

Actually, this really is a great tool to use to create PowerShell scripts without having to know the classes and objects necessary to access. Just select the WMI namespace and WMI class to access, and the PowerShell Scriptomatic will generate the correct PowerShell code. Then use this code to experiment with or add to other snippets. Brilliant!
It's great for those new to PowerShell and seasoned veterans who are just plain lazy.
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Microsoft Exchange Server 2007 Management Tools (32-Bit) Released

Thursday, May 15, 2008

Microsoft has released a 32-bit version of the Microsoft Exchange Server 2007 Management Tools.

Exchange Server 2007 is a native 64-bit application that includes 64-bit management tools. You can use the management tools to administer your Exchange Server environment remotely. If your remote computer is running a 32-bit operating system, you will need to download the 32-bit management tools.

The Exchange management tools include the Exchange Management Console (EMC), the Exchange Management Shell (EMS), the Exchange Help file, the Microsoft Exchange Best Practices Analyzer Tool, and the Exchange Troubleshooting Assistant Tool.

Get the 32-bit Exchange management tools here.
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Can my system support Hyper-V?

Wednesday, May 7, 2008

This is a common question. Hyper-V requires three things: processor virtualization support, BIOS virtualization support and Windows Server 2008 with Hyper-V.

Processor virtualization is provided by Intel (Intel VT) and AMD (AMD-T) processors. You can check each of these websites to see if a processor supports virtualization. AMD offers an AMD Virtualization™ Technology and Microsoft® Hyper-V™ System Compatibility Check Utility that will tell if the installed AMD CPU supports it.

BIOS virtualization support, however, can be dicey. Normally, a BIOS manufacturer will offer the ability to turn virtualization on or off -- but not always. I have a Dell Dimension E521, for example, that doesn't offer virtualization configuration. Thankfully, it's enabled by default in this BIOS.

So how do you tell if your machine will support Hyper-V? Well, the easiest way by far is to use a utility by Gibson Research called SecurAble. This handy little program will quickly tell you if your computer is 64bit, running hardware DEP and is virtulization capable.


Note that SecurAble will report that Hardware Virtualization is "No" if you run it on a Windows Server 2008 computer that has the Hyper-V role installed. This is because Hyper-V capability is "hidden" once it's installed. See the Virtual PC Guy's WebLog for more details about this.


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Cloning Windows Server 2008 Disks with Norton Ghost

Friday, April 4, 2008

Just in case you're wondering, Norton Ghost 11.0.2 works just fine on Windows Server 2008 formatted disks.
I cloned a simple volume 160GB Western Digital disk to a new Western Digital 500MB disk in 47 minutes. I swapped the cables and booted up to the new drive without a hitch.
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RSAT Released for Windows Server 2008

Friday, April 4, 2008

The Windows Remote Server Administration Tools (RSAT) have been release for Windows Server 2008. These tools allow you to manage remote Windows Server 2008 computers from a Windows Vista SP1 x86 client. The Vista SP1 x64 version is available here.

These tools are designed to provide the same functionality as the familiar Windows Server 2003 Administration Tools Pack. But sorry, no XP for you!

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